Health Questions and Answers

Archive for the 'Critical Review of Medical Literature' Category

Should I read reviews on clinical topics?

Thursday, August 23rd, 2007

This depends on many factors:

Are you looking for basic knowledge or understanding of a disease process? If so, a clinical review may be sufficient and can provide the foundation for you to continue your reading on the topic.
Are you looking for the latest information? Clinical reviews may be outdated by the time of publication because [...]

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


Does it matter who sponsors a study?

Thursday, August 23rd, 2007

Yes. Any direct involvement in a study by a sponsor, particularly one with a financial interest in the outcomes of the research (e.g., pharmaceutical industry), has the potential to influence the study. Sponsors should not have any input in study design, data collection, or how to report the results. Many research studies do not adhere [...]

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


How do I interpret confidence intervals?

Sunday, August 19th, 2007

A confidence interval is the expected range of results in the study population. A 95% confidence interval means that you would expect 95% of your results to fall within the specified range. A smaller range of values or less variance usually is found with larger sample sizes. A wide confidence interval could mean that some [...]

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


What does a P value refer to?

Sunday, August 19th, 2007

The probability that the results of a study or the differences between study subsets occurred by chance. The most commonly used value, P < 0.05, means that there is less than a 5% probability that the study results occurred by chance. This is statistically significant, but not necessarily clinically significant. In an emergency room  decrease [...]

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


What should I look for when evaluating a chart review study?

Sunday, August 19th, 2007

1. Trained chart abstractors
2. Explicit criteria for case selection and exclusion
3. Defined study variables
4. Standardized abstraction forms for data collection
5. Periodic meetings among researchers to resolve abstraction disputes
6. Monitored performance of abstractors
7. Blinded chart reviewers
8. Measures of interrater agreement

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


Do sample size and power matter?

Saturday, August 18th, 2007

Power is the probability that the study will detect a treatment effect between the two experimental groups. The smaller the size of the treatment effect being studied, the larger the sample size should be. Many studies do not have a large enough sample size to detect a statistically significant difference and may report negative results [...]

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »


What is blinding, and why is it important?

Saturday, August 18th, 2007

A technique in which patients, physicians, researchers, and anyone else involved in the research study are unaware of whether patients are in the experimental or control group. This helps eliminate potential bias, unequal distribution of groups, differential administration of interventions, and distorted results and outcome assessments.

Posted in Critical Review of Medical Literature | No Comments »