Answer:

1. Estrogen or progesterone receptors negative
2. Positive HER-2/neu status
3. Premenopausal patient
4. Large tumor size
5. Positive axillary nodes
6. Local skin involvement
7. Fixed axillary nodes
8. Distant metastasis
9. Aneuploidy and high cathepsin D
10. Nuclear grade 3 (poor)
11. High S-phase fraction

Reference: Casciato DA, Lowitz BB (eds): Manual of Clinical Oncology, 5th ed. Boston, Little, Brown, 2000.

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