Question: What are the six common vitamins and trace minerals and the clinical manifestations of their respective deficiency states?
Answer:
- Thiamine: beriberi, muscle weakness, tachycardia, heart failure
- Niacin: pellagra, glossitis
- Vitamin A: xerophthalmia, hyperkeratosis of skin
- Vitamin E: cerebellar ataxia, areflexia
- Zinc: hypogeusia, acrodermatitis
- Chromium: glucose intolerance
Reference: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS (eds): Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management, 7th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2003
